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| Trieu chung viem mang nao o tre: Dau hieu cha me khong nen bo qua
Viem mang nao la tinh trang viem cac lop mang bao quanh nao va tuy song. Benh co the do vi khuan, virus, nam hoac mot so nguyen nhan khac gay ra. Trong do, viem mang nao do vi khuan co the dien tien rat nhanh va la mot cap cuu y khoa, dac biet o tre so sinh va tre nho.
Dieu dang luu y la trieu chung viem mang nao o tre khong phai luc nao cung dien hinh. Tre lon co the dau dau, sot va cung co, trong khi tre so sinh doi khi chi bu kem, quay khoc hoac ngu li bi. Vi vay, nhan biet som nhung bieu hien bat thuong co vai tro rat quan trong de tre duoc tham kham va dieu tri kip thoi. Cung Benh Vien Thien Hanh tim hieu chi tiet.
Viem mang nao o tre la gi?
Mang nao la he thong cac lop mang bao ve nao va tuy song. Khi khu vuc nay bi viem hoac nhiem trung, tre co the mac viem mang nao.
Theo To chuc Y te The gioi (WHO), viem mang nao co the do nhieu tac nhan khac nhau gay ra, bao gom vi khuan, virus va nam. Trong do, viem mang nao do vi khuan thuong lien quan den nguy co bien chung va tu vong cao hon, vi vay can duoc phat hien va dieu tri cang som cang tot.
Mot so vi khuan thuong lien quan den viem mang nao cap bao gom nao mo cau, phe cau, Haemophilus influenzae va lien cau khuan nhom B. Tac nhan gay benh co the khac nhau tuy do tuoi cua tre.
Cac trieu chung viem mang nao o tre thuong gap
Trieu chung co the xuat hien dot ngot hoac tien trien nhanh trong mot khoang thoi gian ngan. Nhung dau hieu thuong duoc ghi nhan gom:
Sot cao
Sot la mot trong nhung bieu hien thuong gap cua viem mang nao. Tre co the sot cao dot ngot kem theo tinh trang met moi hoac thay doi hanh vi.
Tuy nhien, chi dua vao sot khong the xac dinh tre co viem mang nao hay khong boi rat nhieu benh nhiem trung o tre cung gay sot.
Dau dau nhieu
Tre lon co the than dau dau du doi hoac dau dau ngay cang tang. Doi khi tre lien tuc om dau, kho chiu hoac khong muon van dong.
WHO va CDC deu liet ke dau dau la mot trong cac trieu chung thuong gap cua viem mang nao.
Cung co
Cung co la dau hieu kha dac trung o tre lon va nguoi truong thanh. Tre co the cam thay dau hoac kho khan khi cui dau ve phia truoc.
Tuy nhien, tre so sinh va tre nho co the khong bieu hien ro cung co, vi vay cha me khong nen doi den khi xuat hien trieu chung nay moi dua tre di kham.
Buon non va non
Tre co the buon non hoac non nhieu, dac biet khi di kem sot, dau dau hoac tinh trang than kinh bat thuong.
Cac trieu chung nhu sot, dau dau, cung co, buon non va non duoc CDC ghi nhan trong nhom bieu hien thuong gap cua viem mang nao.
So anh sang
Tre co the cam thay kho chiu hoac dau mat khi nhin vao anh sang manh. Tre lon doi khi muon nam trong phong toi hoac yeu cau tat den.
Nhay cam voi anh sang la mot trong nhung bieu hien co the gap o benh nhan viem mang nao.
Buon ngu bat thuong hoac kho danh thuc
Mot trong nhung dau hieu dang lo ngai la tre tro nen rat buon ngu, it phan ung hoac kho danh thuc hon binh thuong.
Tre cung co the tro nen lo mo, mat phuong huong hoac co bieu hien lu lan.
Neu tre sot kem theo tinh trang y thuc thay doi hoac kho danh thuc, cha me nen dua tre den co so y te ngay thay vi tiep tuc theo doi tai nha.
Co giat
Mot so truong hop viem mang nao co the xuat hien co giat. WHO ghi nhan co giat, hon me va cac thieu hut than kinh la nhung bieu hien it gap hon nhung co the xuat hien khi benh tien trien.
Tre bi co giat lan dau, dac biet khi dang sot hoac co thay doi y thuc, can duoc danh gia y te khan cap.
Trieu chung viem mang nao o tre so sinh va tre nho
Theo Benh Vien Thien Hanh Buon Ma Thuot , O tre so sinh va tre duoi 5 tuoi, bieu hien cua benh doi khi khac dang ke so voi tre lon.
Tre co the khong the noi cho cha me biet minh dau dau hoac cung co. Vi vay, can chu y den nhung thay doi trong hanh vi, kha nang bu va muc do tinh tao.
Bu kem hoac bo bu
Tre dot nhien bu it hon dang ke, tu choi bu hoac gap kho khan khi bu co the la dau hieu cua mot benh ly nghiem trong.
WHO va CDC deu de cap tinh trang bu kem la mot trong nhung bieu hien co the gap o tre so sinh bi viem mang nao.
Quay khoc bat thuong
Tre co the tro nen de kich thich, quay khoc lien tuc hoac kho do hon binh thuong.
Mot so tre xuat hien tieng khoc yeu hoac tieng khoc cao bat thuong. NHS cung ghi nhan tieng khoc cao, khac thuong la mot trong nhung dau hieu co the xuat hien o tre nho mac viem mang nao.
Thop phong
O tre con thop, cha me co the nhan thay vung thop tren dinh dau cang hoac phong.
Thop phong duoc WHO va CDC liet ke trong nhom cac trieu chung co the gap o tre so sinh bi viem mang nao.
Tuy nhien, cha me khong nen tu chan doan benh chi dua vao bieu hien cua thop.
Tre it hoat dong hoac ngu li bi
Tre co the it cu dong, phan ung cham, khong quan tam den moi truong xung quanh hoac ngu nhieu bat thuong.
CDC cho biet tre so sinh mac viem mang nao co the bieu hien cham chap hoac it hoat dong hon binh thuong.
Co the cung hoac mem nhun
Mot so tre co the tro nen cung nguoi, trong khi nhung tre khac lai mem nhun va phan ung kem.
Day la bieu hien can duoc dac biet luu y neu dong thoi xuat hien sot, bu kem, quay khoc hoac thay doi y thuc.
Khi nao can dua tre den benh vien ngay?
Viem mang nao do vi khuan co the tien trien nhanh va can duoc dieu tri som. CDC nhan manh rang viem mang nao do vi khuan la mot tinh trang cap cuu y khoa.
Cha me nen dua tre den co so y te khan cap neu tre co cac bieu hien nghi ngo nhu:
Sot kem dau dau du doi hoac cung co.
Tre rat buon ngu, kho danh thuc hoac mat phan ung.
Co giat.
Tre so sinh sot kem bo bu, bu rat kem hoac quay khoc bat thuong.
Thop phong.
Kho tho hoac tho nhanh.
Tay chan lanh bat thuong trong khi tre dang sot hoac rat met.
Xuat hien cac dom hoac ban tim khong nhat mau khi an.
Tinh trang toan than xau di nhanh chong.
Khong nen tu dieu tri tai nha hoac cho xem tre co tu khoi hay khong neu nghi ngo viem mang nao.
Viem mang nao o tre co lay khong?
Kha nang lay phu thuoc vao nguyen nhan gay benh.
Mot so loai vi khuan gay viem mang nao, chang han nao mo cau, phe cau va Haemophilus influenzae, co the ton tai trong mui hoac hong va lay tu nguoi sang nguoi qua cac giot ban hoac dich tiet duong ho hap.
Tuy nhien, khong phai tat ca cac truong hop viem mang nao deu co kha nang lay truyen giong nhau. Vi the, khi xac dinh tac nhan gay benh, bac si co the tu van bien phap phong ngua phu hop cho nhung nguoi da tiep xuc gan voi tre.
Viem mang nao o tre duoc chan doan nhu the nao?
Khong the chan doan chinh xac viem mang nao chi dua tren trieu chung.
Khi nghi ngo benh, bac si se danh gia tinh trang toan than, kiem tra than kinh va co the thuc hien cac xet nghiem can thiet.
CDC cho biet bac si co the lay mau mau hoac dich nao tuy de thuc hien cac xet nghiem nham xac dinh nguyen nhan gay viem mang nao. Viec xac dinh nguyen nhan rat quan trong vi phuong phap dieu tri phu thuoc vao tac nhan gay benh.
Trong truong hop nghi ngo viem mang nao do vi khuan, viec dieu tri can duoc tien hanh nhanh chong theo danh gia cua nhan vien y te.
Viem mang nao o tre co the gay bien chung gi?
Viem mang nao do vi khuan co the gay ra nhung hau qua nghiem trong ngay ca khi tre song sot.
WHO cho biet khoang 1 trong 5 nguoi song sot sau viem mang nao do vi khuan co the gap cac di chung lau dai, bao gom giam thinh luc, co giat, yeu tay chan va nhung van de ve thi giac, ngon ngu, tri nho hoac giao tiep.
O tre em, nhung di chung lien quan den he than kinh hoac thinh giac con co kha nang anh huong toi qua trinh hoc tap va phat trien sau nay.
Do do, sau khi dieu tri viem mang nao, tre co the can tiep tuc duoc theo doi theo huong dan cua bac si.
Co the phong ngua viem mang nao o tre khong?
Khong phai tat ca cac truong hop deu co the phong tranh. Tuy nhien, tiem chung la mot trong nhung bien phap quan trong de giam nguy co mac mot so loai viem mang nao do vi khuan.
WHO cho biet vaccine co the giup phong ngua benh do mot so tac nhan thuong gap nhu nao mo cau, phe cau va Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
Cha me nen dua tre tiem chung theo chuong trinh tiem chung va khuyen cao phu hop voi do tuoi, dong thoi trao doi voi bac si ve nhung vaccine can thiet trong tung truong hop.
Ben canh do, cac bien phap nhu ve sinh tay thuong xuyen, han che dung chung vat dung ca nhan va thuc hien nhung huong dan du phong khi co nguoi mac benh trong gia dinh cung co the gop phan han che nguy co lay nhiem.
Ket luan
Nhung trieu chung viem mang nao o tre thuong duoc nhac den gom sot, dau dau, cung co, non, nhay cam voi anh sang va thay doi y thuc. Tuy nhien, tre so sinh va tre nho co the co nhung bieu hien khong dien hinh nhu bo bu, quay khoc bat thuong, ngu li bi, it hoat dong hoac thop phong.
Diem quan trong nhat la khong nen cho tre xuat hien day du tat ca cac dau hieu moi di kham. Neu tre co trieu chung nghi ngo viem mang nao, dac biet la tinh trang y thuc thay doi, co giat, kho danh thuc, tho bat thuong, phat ban tim hoac dien tien xau nhanh, can dua tre den BVDK Thien Hanh hoac cac co so y te de duoc danh gia khan cap.
Thong tin trong bai viet chi mang tinh chat tham khao va khong thay the chan doan hoac huong dan dieu tri cua bac si. |
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