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Posted 09-19-2020 4:54:16 AM
Acid Dyes | Properties of Acid Dyes
 

Acid dyes are highly water soluble, as well as have far better light fastness than basic dyes.The textile acid dyes are effective for protein fibers such as silk, woolen, nylon and also customized acrylics. They have sulphonic acid teams, which are normally present as salt sulphonate salts. These increase solubility in water, as well as gives the color particles a negative charge. In an acidic solutions, the -NH2 capabilities of the fibres are protonated to offer a positive charge: -NH3+. This charge connects with the negative color charge, allowing the formation of ionic interactions. In addition to this, Van-der-Waals bonds, dipolar bonds and hydrogen bonds are created between dye as well as fibre. As a group, acid dyes can be divided right into two sub-groups: acid-leveling or acid-milling.

Chemical structure of acid dyes

These dyes are typically really complex in structure yet have huge aromatic particles, having a sulphonyl or amino group which makes them soluble in water. Most of the acid dyes come from complying with three major architectural molecules,

1.Anthraquinon type
2.Azo dye type
3.Triphenylmethane type.

Different types of acid dyes

The basic dyes are classified right into several groups, based on the leveling properties, economic climate of the dyeing and fastness properties, however generally these are classified into these three classes,




1.Neutral acid dyes

These are supra milling or fast acid dyes, having medium to great damp fastness properties, several of the dyes have inadequate light fastness in light tones. A number of the dyes are utilized as self tones just. These are related to the fiber in a weakly acid or neutral pH.

2.Weak acid dyes

These dyes come from the milling course of dyes. These dyes have great fastness properties, but light fastness is modest to poor.

3.Strong acid dyes

These acid dyes for wool are applied with a strongly acidic medium and likewise called leveling dyes, nevertheless there wet fastness properties is a constraint. These dyes are very good to produce the combination tones.

Classification according to dyeing characteristics

Acid dyes are commonly classified according to their dyeing behavior, particularly in relation to the dyeing pH, their migration ability during dyeing and their washing fastness. The molecular weight and also the level of sulphonation of the dye particle identify these dyeing qualities. The initial category of this kind, based on their behavior in wool dyeing, is as follows:

1.Level dyeing or equalizing acid dyes;.
2.Fast acid dyes
3.Milling acid dyes
4.Super-milling acid dyes

Milling is the procedure in which a woollen material is treated, in weakly alkaline solution, with considerable mechanical action to promote felting. Dyes of great fastness to milling are essential to stay clear of colour blood loss throughout the process.

Properties of acid dyes

Since these are sold as a sodium salt, therefore these form a large anion in the aqueous medium.

•The main properties of acid dyes are,.
•These dyes are anionic in nature.
•These dyes appropriate for wool, silk, polyamide as well as modified acrylics.
•These are applied from a highly acidic to neutral pH bath.
•These dyes have no fondness for cotton cellulose's, for this reason not suitable for cellulosics.
•These dyes incorporate with the fiber by hydrogen bonds, Vander Waals forces or through ionic linkages.




Fastness properties of acid dyes

The wet and light fastness properties of the acid dyes vary from poor to excellent, depending upon the molecular structure of the dyes.

The fastness properties according to the category are as follows:

Neutral acid dyes:- considering that these dyes have very good leveling and movement properties, and also have a reduced affinity for the fiber, therefore the wet fastness properties of this course are typically inadequate.

Weak acid dyes or half milling dyes:-.

These dyes have a tool to excellent affinity for the fiber and are usually used in a weakly acidic bath, reveals medium to excellent damp fastness properties.

Strong acid dyes, or very milling dyes: - These dyes have poor exhaustion properties, as a result applied under really solid acidic problem, show great fastness properties.

Cosmonaut Chemicals is the leading manufacturer of textile dyes (reactive dyes, acid dyes, direct dyes, vat dyes), color changing pigments (thermochromic, photochromic, glow colors) and fast developing salts. Contact us to get more info!

 
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